Vaudeville and music hall song. The song's first known public performance was in Henry J. Sayers' 1891 revue "Tuxedo", which was performed in Boston, Massachusetts. The song became widely known in the version sung by Lottie Collins in London music halls in 1892. The melody was later used in various contexts, including as the theme song to the television show "Howdy Doody". The song's authorship is disputed. It was originally credited to Henry J. Sayers, who was the manager of Rich and Harris, a producer of the George Thatcher Minstrels. Working class hero Joe Hill later set new lyrics to the song lyrics making it a unions classic.